Vietnamese Citizenship by Descent (Jure Sanguinis)

Vietnamese citizenship by descent, or jure sanguinis (right of blood), is a legal pathway that allows individuals with Vietnamese parents or ancestors to claim or restore their Vietnamese nationality. Unlike many countries that require a physical link to the land, Vietnam focuses on the biological and legal connection to a Vietnamese citizen.

This pathway is primarily for the children of Vietnamese citizens born abroad and members of the overseas Vietnamese community (Viet Kieu) who wish to formalize their status. Under major legal reforms effective in early 2026, the process has become significantly more flexible, introducing the concept of "presumed nationality" for those who never formally renounced their citizenship. This pathway is distinct from standard naturalization, as it often waives residency and language requirements for those who can prove their lineage.

Vietnam officially operates under a "single nationality" principle, but the law provides significant exceptions for overseas Vietnamese. Under Article 13 and recent updates, you are generally permitted to hold dual nationality (retaining your foreign passport while holding a Vietnamese one) provided you register your status and your dual citizenship does not "harm the national interest." You are not required to give up your original citizenship to claim Vietnamese nationality by descent.

Once your citizenship is confirmed or granted, you hold the same legal standing as any other person born in Vietnam.

• Property Ownership: You gain the right to own land and real estate (Land Use Rights) under the same terms as local citizens, bypassing the restrictive "foreign buyer" quotas and time limits.
• Unlimited Stay: You may enter and exit Vietnam without a visa and stay indefinitely.
• Work and Business: You have the right to work in any profession without a work permit and can invest in businesses as a domestic investor rather than a foreign one.
• Social Services: Access to the national healthcare system, public education, and other state-funded social services.
• Consular Protection: The right to seek assistance from Vietnamese embassies and consulates while traveling or living abroad.
• Voting Rights: The right to vote and run for office in national and local elections (provided you meet residency requirements for specific ballots).
• Military Service: It is important to note that male citizens aged 18–27 may be subject to military service registration. While those living permanently abroad are generally exempt from active duty, you may be required to register if you establish residency in Vietnam.